Facts About Cancer Screening

Cancer is a leading cause of death for adults aged 25-64. Cancer is an abnormal cell growth and development. By the time there are visible signs or symptoms of cancer, it may be too late. It is best to have regular visits to your doctor and to monitor your own health.

Early detection can reduce suffering and save lives. Some cancers, like breast, testicular, and skin cancer, often can be detected early by self-exams. Others, such as cervical cancer or prostate cancer, can only be detected by your health care provider. Listed here is information on self-examinations you should do each month.

Skin cancer

Skin cancer can affect people of all ages. Check your skin once each month in front of a full-length mirror. Use a hand-held mirror to examine areas that are hard to see. Be sure to check your palms, the soles of your feet, and the back of your legs. Learn the pattern and texture of moles, blemishes, freckles, and other marks on your skin so that you will recognize any changes. Feel your scalp for any unusual bumps or sores. Any changes in the size, shape, color, or feel, or any sores that do not heal properly should be evaluated by a physician.

Oral cancer

Cancer of the oral cavity or mouth can affect people of all ages and has been linked to the use of alcohol and tobacco products. Be suspicious of sores or pain in the mouth that do not go away in a few days, red or white patches in the mouth, difficulty swallowing or chewing, or numbness or swelling of the mouth, jaw, or neck. If any of these problems last longer than two weeks, notify your dentist or doctor.

Breast cancer

Monthly breast self-exams can save lives through early detection of breast cancer. Women should thoroughly examine their breasts and become familiar with their texture, size, and shape. Many women have lumps which are benign (noncancerous) but only a physician can determine this. Women also should examine the surface of the breasts and nipples for changes in the texture of the skin and should be alert for any discharge (fluid) from the nipples. Contact your doctor immediately if you notice any changes in your breasts. In addition to monthly self-exams, all women should have an annual breast exam by a physician, and women over the age of 40 should also have an annual mammogram. (Women who have been sexually active or who are over the age of 18 should also have an annual Pap smear and pelvic exam for the detection of cervical cancer.)

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer can affect men at any age, and often occurs in young men (in their twenties). Just as with breast self-examination, men should examine their testicles and become familiar with the texture, size, and shape. Report any hard lumps or changes in the shape, size, or consistency of the testicles to your doctor. By age 50, most men should also have annual rectal exams and a blood test to monitor hormones produced by the prostate.

Colorectal cancer

Cancer of the rectum or colon may be detected by the presence of blood in the stools. Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended for those 50 years or older. Ask your doctor or local health department about a home test kit to collect a stool (bowel movement) sample. One option is by Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT), a very simple test that you can do at home.

Many cancers are treatable if detected early. Early detection saves lives and is easy to do. Self-exams and annual checkups by a physician or health care provider are smart ways to keep on top of your health. The American Cancer Society recommends a cancer-related checkup by a physician every three years for people between 20 and 40 years of age, and every year for anyone age 40 and older.

---

Resources

America Cancer Society; 800-ACS-2345; www.cancer.org.

Association of Cancer Online Resources; www.acor.org.

Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention–Your Cancer Risk; www.yourcancerrisk.harvard.edu.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; 800-525-2225; www.mskcc.org.

University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, www.oncolink.upenn.edu.

Healthy Childcare® Home Page | Library | Search | Questions & Answers | Links I Am Amazing | Hip On Health | Health & Safety Resource Guide | Order Online Product Spotlight | Free Issue | Publisher's Letter | Contact Us | Author Guidelines HEALTHY CHILD PUBLICATIONS PO Box 624, Harbor Springs MI, 49740 Fax: 231-526-0428 • Phone: 877-258-6178 or 231-526-6342 email: info@healthychild.net | Click here to download a printable order form Last Revised: 10/18/06